최근 북·중 경제교류는 무역과 투자의 양면에서 모두 급격히 성장하고 있는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 1990년대 초부터 북한의 최대 교역상대국인 중국은 2005년부터 북한의 대외무역(남북교역 제외)에서 절반 이상의 비중을 차지하고 있다. 2002년 7월 1일 북한이 경제관리개선조치를 발표한 이후 중국의 대북 투자에 대한 관심과 열기가 고조되고 자원개발 분야를 비롯한 다양한 분야에서 대북 투자가 진행되고 있다. 북한에서 판매되는 소비재는 중국산 제품이 주종을 이루고 있다. 이와 같이 북한의 최대 무역상대국인 중국의 대북 투자 진출이 확대되는 등 최근 중국이 북한경제에서 차지하는 비중이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 북·중간 경제관계는 과거의 단순 교류 및 중국의 대북 지원과 같은 차원을 넘어서서 양국간 경제관계 확대를 위한 제도적 협력을 모색하는 단계로 접어들어 중국의 대북 투자가 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 2005년 북한과 중국은 ｢투자 장려 및 보호에 관한 협정｣을 체결하였고, 경제협력공동위원회 설치에 합의하였다. 중국의 제11차 5개년 계획(2006∼2010년) 기간에는 ｢북·중 경제협력 협정｣이 체결되고, 양국간 ｢세관협력 협정｣도 체결될 예정이다.

Ⅰ. 머리말 ······················································································· 1 Ⅱ. 북‧중 경제관계 확대 배경 ················································· 5 1. 북·중 경제관계의 전개 ·························································· 7 2. 경제관계 확대의 정치적 배경 ············································· 10 3. 경제관계 확대의 경제적 배경 ············································· 15 Ⅲ. 북‧중 무역의 현황과 특징 ············································· 23 1. 북·중 무역 일반 현황 ························································· 25 2. 무역의 형태와 변경무역 ····················································· 33 3. 동북3성과의 무역 ································································ 39 4. 북·중 무역의 특징 ······························································ 43 Ⅳ. 중국의 대북투자‧지원 현황과 특징 ······························· 47 1. 대북투자 추이 ····································································· 49 2. 분야별 투자 추진 현황 ······················································· 52 3. 대북투자의 특징 ·································································· 65 4. 대북지원 실태 ····································································· 69 Ⅴ. 북‧중 경제관계 확대의 영향과 대응방안 ··················· 73 1. 경제관계 확대의 영향 ························································· 75 2. 정책적 대응방안 ································································· 83 참고문헌 ························································································· 97 최근 발간자료 안내 ································································· 101