Following the remarkable resurgence of Islamic political activism in recent decades, radical Islamic movements now have a presence in almost every Muslim country and form the major opposition forces to the established regimes in the Middle East. This important book deepens our understanding of the influence of contemporary Islam by providing a definitive history of the meteoric rise of the mother organization of all modern Islamic movementsa??the Society of the Muslim Brothers. Founded in 1928 by a young primary schoolteacher, Hasan al-Banna, the Society rose to become the largest mass movement in modern Egyptian history in less than two decades, clashing with the ruling elite on a wide range of issues. Drawing on a wealth of sources which include material by the Society's veterans and dissidents, the Society's internal publications from the 1930s and early 1940s, a collection of Hasan al-Banna's letters to his father, and security files from the Egyptian National Archives, the author examines the socio-economic and cultural factors which facilitated the movement's expansion and analyzes the keys to its success.