Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION_5 Ⅱ. BACKGROUND_9 The Security Council’s inappropriate responses to Pyongyang’s withdrawing from the NPT UN sanction reforms since 1990s: from comprehensive to “targeted” sanctions Ⅲ. ENFORCING MEASURES IN THE NORTH KOREA SANTIONS REGIME_17 Normal and practical enforcements Evolving cargo inspection regime “1718 Committee” & “Panal of Exports” Ⅳ. NON-COMPLIANCE EXAMPLES_23 The risks of WMD and missile proliferation Illicit trades of conventional arms and luxury goods The risks of money-laundering Ⅴ. “CHINA PACTOR” IN THE REGIME NORTH KOREA SACNTIONS REGIME_37 China’s role as permanent member of the Security Council China’s national implementation reports China’s export of military transport vehicles Chinese companies and ports as intermediaries for North Korea’s non-compliances Increase in Beijing-Pyongyang economic transactions Ⅵ. PRACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES_48 North Korea's evolving skills to circumvent sanctions Insufficient national implementation reports to the 1718 Committee Lack of criteria on “luxury goods” until 2013 Ⅶ. CONCLUSION: THE NEED FOR MORE CREDIBLE GLOBAL NON-PROFERATION GOVERNANCE_53 APPENDIX_57 ABSTRACT_83