This English translation is an abbreviated and edited version of Chapter 5 and some sections of Chapter 2 and 4 of Jea Hwan Hong et al., Demographic Change in North Korea: Trends, Determinants, and Prospects (Seoul: Korea Institute for National Unification, 2020). The analysis, comments, and opinions presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Korea Institute for National Unification.

1. Introduction 2. Data 3. Demographic Transition in North Korea 4. Factors Affecting Mortality 5. Factors Affecting Fertility 6. Conclusion