Ⅰ. KINU Unification Survey 9 1. Research Objectives 10 2. Cohorts in Korean Society 11 3. Overview of the 2023 Survey 11 4. Summary of Findings 12 Ⅱ. Public Opinion on South Korea's Nuclear Armament 19 1. The Necessity of South Korea's Nuclear Armament 20 2. The Necessity of US Nuclear Weapons Redeployment 23 3. Support for Nuclear Armament after Unification 24 4. USFK and South Korea’s Nuclear Armament 25 5. Risks of Nuclear Armament 27 6. Conditions for Nuclear Armament 30 7. Domestic Politics of South Korea and Nuclear Armament 32 8. Attitudes on Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime 34 Ⅲ. ROK-US Relations and South Korea’s Nuclear Armament 37 1. Trust in US policy on the Korean Peninsula 38 2. Trust in US Extended Deterrence 40 3. Effectiveness of Extended Deterrence 41 4. Extended Deterrence and South Korea’s Nuclear Armament 43 5. Withdrawal of USFK 44 6. Necessity of USFK 46 7. Necessity of ROK-US Alliance 47 8. Evaluation of ROK-US Relations over the Past Year 49 9. US Consideration for South Korea’s Interests 50 10. US Support for South Korea-China Conflict 51 11. OPCON Transfer 52 Ⅳ. North Korea's Nuclear Threat and South Korea’s Nuclear Armament 55 1. Comparing North and South Korean Conventional Military Power 56 2. Economic Sanctions and Denuclearization of North Korea 59 3. Inter-Korean Dialogue and Denuclearization of North Korea 61 4. Allowing Access to North Korean Newspapers and Broadcasts 63 5. Concerns about the North Korean Nuclear Threat 65 6. Interest in the North Korean Nuclear Threat 66 7. The Possibility of Nuclear War with North Korea 68 Ⅴ. Public Opinion on the International Relations in Northeast Asia 69 1. South Korea-China Relations 70 2. US-China Power Competition 72 3. Will China Overtake the US? 74 4. China’s Attack on Taiwan 76 5. Cross-Strait Relations: The Need for South Korean Intervention in the China-Taiwan Conflict 77 6. ROK-Japan Military Alliance 79 7. Japan's Legitimacy to Develop Nuclear Weapons 82 8. Prospect for Japan’s Nuclear Development 84 Ⅵ. The Impact of the ROK-US Summit on Public Opinion 85 1. Favorability of Neighboring Countries Before and After the ROK-US Summit 86 2. Military Threats from Neighboring Countries: Current Threats 88 3. Military Threats from Neighboring Countries: Future Threats 89 4. South Korea’s Nuclear Armament Before and After the ROK-US Summit 90 5. Trust in US Extended Deterrence Before and After the ROK-US Summit 91 6. Effectiveness of Extended Deterrence Before and After the ROK-US Summit 92